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Software
Use your system as little as possible until you recover all of your lost files. The more activity taking place on your hard disk, the greater the chance that some of your lost data might be written over.
Don't copy any files to the disk containing your lost data;
Avoid browsing the web, because your web browser saves cache files on the disk;
Don't launch any unnecessary programs, because they can also use your disk;
Don't restart your computer.
Tip #2: Before you go further, take steps to free up some space on the disk containing your lost files. The more free space your system has, the less chance of overwriting any lost files with new ones. You can do one or more of the following things.
Delete old files that you don't need anymore (you can also move them to another source, like a USB flash drive, instead of deleting);
Empty your Recycle Bin - making sure that you haven't put any important files in there by mistake;
Empty your browser cache. For Internet Explorer, click on the "Tools" menu, then select "Internet Options". Then, on the "General" tab, click the "Delete Files..." button.
To install any software after data damage increases the risk of your data being overwritten, so if you haven't had any data problems yet, consider installing a data recovery program just in case. Prevention is always better than cure, and a recovery program is good insurance for your data. However, if you don't yet have a recovery program, find one and - if possible - avoid installing it to the disk where your lost files are located.
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